Your ballot contains more than just the big races. From local judges to statewide ballot measures, each item affects your community. Here's how to understand every part of your ballot so you can vote with confidence.
President (every four years), US Senate (six-year terms, staggered), and US House of Representatives (every two years). These appear at the top of most ballots.
Governor, state legislators, attorney general, secretary of state, and other statewide officers. Terms and election cycles vary by state. Check your state's page for details.
City council, mayor, county commissioners, school board, sheriff, and other local positions. These officials make decisions that directly affect your daily life — from property taxes to school curricula to local policing.
Many states elect judges at the state and local level. Some use "retention elections" where you vote yes or no on whether to keep a sitting judge. Others have contested judicial elections with multiple candidates. Research judicial candidates through your state or local bar association.
Ballot measures let voters decide on specific policy questions directly. They may appear as propositions, initiatives, referendums, or constitutional amendments depending on your state. Common topics include tax changes, bond issues, minimum wage, and criminal justice reform.
Ballot measure language can be confusing. A "yes" vote doesn't always mean what you might expect — some measures are worded so that "yes" repeals an existing law. Always read the full summary and any official voter guide provided by your state. Ballotpedia provides plain-language explanations and analysis of ballot measures across all states.