Members of Congress wear many hats — from writing laws to helping constituents navigate federal agencies. Understanding what your official does helps you know when and how to engage with them effectively.
The primary constitutional duty of Congress is legislation. Members introduce bills, debate them, amend them in committee, and cast votes on the floor. Each Congress (a two-year term) typically sees thousands of bills introduced, though only a small fraction become law.
You can see how your officials vote on bills using the My Democracy voting records page or on Congress.gov. Learn more in our guide to how a bill becomes law.
Most of the detailed legislative work happens in committees and subcommittees. Each member of Congress serves on one or more committees that specialize in areas like Armed Services, Agriculture, Judiciary, or Appropriations. The House has standing committees defined in its rules, while the Senate has its own set.
Committees hold hearings to gather expert testimony, mark up (revise) bills, and decide which legislation advances to the full chamber. Committee chairs have significant power over what bills get a hearing. You can find your official's committee assignments on their profile page.
Every congressional office has staff dedicated to helping constituents with problems involving federal agencies. This is called "casework." Common requests include help with Social Security benefits, Medicare issues, VA claims, passport processing, IRS disputes, and immigration cases.
This service is free and available to everyone in the district or state, regardless of party. Learn more in our guide to requesting help from your officials.
Congress has a constitutional responsibility to oversee the executive branch. This includes holding hearings to examine how agencies implement laws, investigating waste and misconduct, confirming presidential nominees (Senate), and controlling the federal budget through the appropriations process.
The Senate specifically has the power to confirm or reject presidential appointments to the federal judiciary, Cabinet positions, and other senior roles through its "advice and consent" authority under Article II of the Constitution.
When Congress is not in session, members return to their districts and states. During these "district work periods," they hold town halls, meet with local organizations, visit businesses and schools, and attend community events. This is often the best time to meet your official in person.
You can find out when your official is home by checking their official website or social media. See our guide to attending a town hall for tips on making the most of face-to-face interactions.
Look up their committee assignments, recent votes, and contact information.
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